Tooth decay, or cavities/caries are a common dental problem characterized by the gradual breakdown of tooth structure. The main cause of tooth decay is the reaction between sugars and carbohydrates from food and beverages and the bacteria in dental plaque. Over time, decay results from the bacteria's production of acids that damage tooth enamel. It may infiltrate the pulp cavity, worsen tooth sensitivity, and lead to decay if treatment is not received.
Causes of Tooth Decay
Many bacteria that are produced naturally in mouth due metabolism of sugars and generate acids which also lead to plaque formation. This plaque damages the tooth enamel and exposed roots structure; ineffective removal of plaque and poor dental hygiene makes it easy for plaque to harden and cause tooth decay.
Common Contributing Factors
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Poor oral hygiene
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Any predisposing conditions
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Genetic history
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Inadequate fluoride exposure
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Suboptimal restorations
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Repeated exposure to sticky and hard foods
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Overconsumption of sugary and acidic foods
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Conditions like dry mouth
Symptoms of Tooth Decay
Early signs might include stains; sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods, visible deepened pits and fissures, and holes in teeth.
Diagnosis of Dental Cavities
Dentists can find cavities that are not easily apparent, especially those that are concealed between teeth or in tooth fissures, by using dental X-rays, lasers, high-intensity light, detecting dyes, probes, and other resources.
Preventing Tooth Decay
By following recommended dietary and oral hygiene habits, such as avoiding sticky, hard, and sugary foods, brushing and flossing teeth on a regular basis, using fluoridated toothpaste, and using mouthwashes, tooth decay can be prevented and avoided. It's also important to schedule routine consultations with the dentist.
Tooth Decay Treatment Options
Treatment options ranges from simple restorative fillings to inlays, onlays, and in case of advanced cases employing root canal therapy with aim to conserve the natural tooth structure.
Final Thoughts
Tooth decay is preventable with consistent care and early diagnosis. Maintaining good oral hygiene and seeing your dentist regularly can significantly reduce your risk of developing cavities.