Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is a condition wherein salivary glands don’t produce enough saliva to keep the oral cavity wet. Enough salivation is important in maintaining oral health by preventing tooth decay and neutralizing the acids produced by bacteria. It also washes away stuck food particles and helps in easing digestion.
Causes of Dry Mouth
Various factors can cause the mouth to dry out, including:
- Medications such as antidepressants and anti-allergy drugs
- Cancer treatments like chemotherapy and radiation
- Chronic conditions such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS
- Nerve damage affecting salivary glands
- Aging, which naturally reduces salivary production
- Lifestyle factors such as smoking, chewing tobacco, and alcohol consumption
Symptoms of Dry Mouth
Inadequate saliva production can lead to the following symptoms:
- Dry or sticky feeling in the mouth and throat
- Foul breath
- Difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing
- Metallic taste or altered sense of taste
- Increased tooth decay, especially near the gum line
- Cracked lips and sores in the mouth
Diagnosis of Dry Mouth
Dentists diagnose dry mouth by:
- Evaluating the patient's medical history and any contributing medications
- Observing dryness in the mucous membranes of the mouth
Preventive Measures
To manage or prevent dry mouth:
- Address the root cause and consult with your healthcare provider about modifying any medications
- Limit the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine
- Stay hydrated by drinking water regularly
- Use a humidifier to maintain moisture in the air
- Chew sugar-free gum or suck on sugar-free candy to stimulate saliva flow
Treatment for Dry Mouth
Treatment options focus on stimulating saliva and protecting oral health:
- Use of medications, mouthwashes, gels, or sprays that promote salivation
- Brushing with fluoride toothpaste to prevent tooth decay
- Medical intervention for gland blockages or nerve damage
- Consultation with a dentist to create a personalized care plan